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Anyone in the world
What is comprehensive sexuality education?
Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) gives young people accurate, age-appropriate information about sexuality and their sexual and reproductive health, which is critical for their health and survival.
While CSE programmes will be different everywhere, the United Nations’ technical guidance – which was developed together by UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women, UNAIDS and WHO – recommends that these programmes should be based on an established curriculum; scientifically accurate; tailored for different ages; and comprehensive, meaning they cover a range of topics on sexuality and sexual and reproductive health, throughout childhood and adolescence.
Topics covered by CSE, which can also be called life skills, family life education and a variety of other names, include, but are not limited to, families and relationships; respect, consent and bodily autonomy; anatomy, puberty and menstruation; contraception and pregnancy; and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
Why is it important to talk to young people about their sexuality and sexual health?
Sexuality education equips children and young people with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that help them to protect their health, develop respectful social and sexual relationships, make responsible choices and understand and protect the rights of others.
Evidence consistently shows that high-quality sexuality education delivers positive health outcomes, with lifelong impacts. Young people are more likely to delay the onset of sexual activity – and when they do have sex, to practice safer sex – when they are better informed about their sexuality, sexual health and their rights.
Sexuality education also helps them prepare for and manage physical and emotional changes as they grow up, including during puberty and adolescence, while teaching them about respect, consent and where to go if they need help. This in turn reduces risks from violence, exploitation and abuse.
When should sexuality education begin?
Children and adolescents have the right to be educated about themselves and the world around them in an age- and developmentally appropriate manner – and they need this learning for their health and well-being.
Intended to support school-based curricula, the UN’s global guidance indicates starting CSE at the age of 5 when formal education typically begins. However, sexuality education is a lifelong process, sometimes beginning earlier, at home, with trusted caregivers. Learning is incremental; what is taught at the earliest ages is very different from what is taught during puberty and adolescence.
With younger learners, teaching about sexuality does not necessarily mean teaching about sex. For instance, for younger age groups, CSE may help children learn about their bodies and to recognize their feelings and emotions, while discussing family life and different types of relationships, decision-making, the basic principles of consent and what to do if violence, bullying or abuse occur. This type of learning establishes the foundation for healthy relationships throughout life.
Who should be involved in providing sexuality education?
Many people have a role to play in teaching young people about their sexuality and sexual and reproductive health, whether in formal education, at home or in other informal settings. Ideally, sound and consistent education on these topics should be provided from multiple sources. This includes parents and family members but also teachers, who can help ensure young people have access to scientific, accurate information and support them in building critical skills. In addition, sexuality education can be provided outside of school, such as through trained social workers and counsellors who work with young people.
Does sexuality education encourage early or risky sexual activity?
Well-designed and well-delivered sexuality education programmes support positive decision-making around sexual health. Evidence shows that young people are more likely to initiate sexual activity later – and when they do have sex, to practice safer sex – when they are better informed about sexuality, sexual relations and their rights.
Does sexuality education encourage masturbation?
CSE does not promote masturbation. However, in our documents, WHO recognizes that children start to explore their bodies through sight and touch at a relatively early age. This is an observation, not a recommendation.
The UN’s guidance on sexuality education aims to help countries, practitioners and families provide accurate, up-to-date information related to young people’s sexuality, which is appropriate to their stage of development. This may include correcting misperceptions relating to masturbation such as that it is harmful to health, and – without shaming children – teaching them about their bodies, boundaries and privacy in an age-appropriate way.
How does sexuality education impact gender relations?
There is sound evidence that unequal gender norms begin early in life, with harmful impacts on both males and females. It is estimated that 18%, or almost 1 in 5 girls worldwide, have experienced child sexual abuse.
Research shows, however, that education in small and large groups can contribute to challenging and changing unequal gender norms. Based on this, the UN’s international guidance on sexuality education recommends teaching young people about gender relations, gender equality and inequality, and gender-based violence.
How can sexuality education prevent sexual abuse?
By providing children and young people with adequate knowledge about their rights, and what is and is not acceptable behaviour, sexuality education makes them less vulnerable to abuse. The UN’s international guidance calls for children between the age of 5 and 8 years to recognize bullying and violence, and understand that these are wrong. It calls for children aged 12–15 years to be made aware that sexual abuse, sexual assault, intimate partner violence and bullying are a violation of human rights and are never the victim’s fault. Finally, it calls for older adolescents – those aged 15–18 – to be taught that consent is critical for a positive sexual relationship with a partner. Children and young people should also be taught what to do and where to go if problems like violence and abuse occur.
Through such an approach, sexuality education improves children’s and young people’s ability to react to abuse, to stop abuse and, finally, to find help when they need it.
What is the impact of abstinence-based programmes?
There is clear evidence that abstinence-only programmes – which instruct young people to not have sex outside of marriage – are ineffective in preventing early sexual activity and risk-taking behaviour, and potentially harmful to young people’s sexual and reproductive health.
CSE therefore addresses safer sex, preparing young people – after careful decision-making – for intimate relationships that may include sexual intercourse or other sexual activity. Evidence shows that such an approach is associated with later onset of sexual activity, reduced practice of risky sexual behaviours (which also helps reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted infections), and increased contraception use.
How can countries use the UN’s guidance on sexuality education?
On sexuality education, as with all other issues, WHO provides guidance for policies and programmes based on extensive research evidence and programmatic experience.
The UN global guidance on sexuality education outlines a set of learning objectives beginning at the age of 5. These are intended to be adapted to a country’s local context and curriculum. The document itself details how this process of adaptation should occur, including through consultation with experts, parents and young people, alongside research to ensure programmes meet young people’s needs.
Anyone in the world
[ Modified: Thursday, 22 February 2024, 8:34 PM ]
Anyone in the world
With him there often walked in freindly guise, or lay upon the moss by brook or tree, a noticeable man with large grey eyes, and pale face that seemed undoubtedly as if a blooming face it ought to be, heavy his low-hung lip did often appear.
[ Modified: Thursday, 22 February 2024, 10:56 PM ]
Anyone in the world
Great wonder to our gentle tribe it was whenever in our valley he withdrew for happier soul no living creature has than he had, being here the long day through. Some thought he was a lover, and did we, some thought far worse from him, and judged him wrong but verse was what he was wedded to, and his own mind did like a tempest strong come to him thus, and drove the weary wight along.
[ Modified: Thursday, 22 February 2024, 10:06 PM ]
Anyone in the world
Its hard to be a product of a broken family isnt it? But thats how life goes,who am i to disagree?
I never saw my mama so happy this days,can you call this a family always fighting and arguing?
My little sister look at me sadly,i took her hand and hold her tenderly dont worry sis you still have me I'll do everything no matter how hard it could be
[ Modified: Saturday, 24 February 2024, 2:57 PM ]
Anyone in the world
You can't always believe what you hear because then this happens. If any of you are reading this.
Don't call because you think you have to. Call because you want to and because you love us. The fight isn't only hurting the adults. It's hurting Us too!! Nextagain
Previouz
[ Modified: Saturday, 24 February 2024, 2:54 PM ]
Anyone in the world
Sex Education sa High School sa Pilipinas: Bakit ito Mahalaga?
Ang sexuality education ay isang mataas na kalidad ng instruksyon at pagkatuto tungo sa malawak na saklaw ng mga paksa na konektado sa sex at sekswalidad. Ginagalugod nito ang mga pagpapahalaga at pananaw na sangkot sa mga isyung ito. Ang sexuality education ay nagbibigay rin ng mga kasanayang kailangan para sa maayos na pamamahala ng mga personal na ugnayan at maprotektahan ang kagalingang sekswal ng isang indibidwal. Narito ang dapat mong malaman tungkol sa sex education sa high school sa Pilipinas.
Kabilang sa mga paksang kasangkot sa comprehensive sexual education (CSE) ay ang sumusunod:
- Human Sexual Anatomy
- Sekswal na Aktibidad
- Sekswal na Reproduksyon
- Edad ng Consent
- Ligtas na Pagtatalik
- Contraceptives
- Reproductive Health
- Reproductive Rights
- Sekswal na Abstinence
Sex Education sa High School sa Pilipinas: Sa Lehislatura
Ang Responsible Parenthood at Reproductive Health Act ng 2012 ay naipasa bilang batas upang palawakin ang sexuality education sa mga high school sa Pilipinas. Nais din nitong makapag-garantiya ng panlahat na akses sa mga metodo ng kontrasepsyon, fertility control, at maternal care.
Ang pagkakapasa ng batas ay lumikha ng kontrobersya dahil sa hating pananaw mula sa mga akademya at relihiyosong institusyon. Dahil dito, ipinagpaliban ng Korte Suprema ang implementasyon ng batas hanggang sa 2014 kung kailan ito idineklarang konstitusyunal. Ito ay matapos tanggalin ang bahagi o kabuoan ng 8 probisyon.
Mga Konsiderasyong Kultural
Ang pangangailangan para sa mas mainam na sexuality education sa bansa ay masasalamin sa mataas na antas ng maagang pagbubuntis. Naitala ng 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey na 8% ng mga kababaihang Pilipino sa pagitan ng edad 15 hanggang 19 ay mga ganap nang ina. Ang dagdag na 2% ay buntis sa kanilang unang anak.
Nalaman din ng isang pag-aaral mula sa Woman Health Philippines na maraming mga dalaga ang nag-iisip na ang pakikipagtalik ay ang tanging paraan ng pagpapadama ng pag-ibig. Maraming mga Pilipinong kababaihan ang umiiwas sa mga serbisyo para sa reproductive health dahil sa takot na husgahan ng lipunan.
Sa kadahilanang ang Pilipinas ay isang konserbatibo at relihiyosong bansa, maraming mga pagtuligsa para sa pagpapatupad ng sexuality education.
Ang mga dalaga at binata sa mga bansang may kahawig na kultura ay hindi nabibigyan ng tamang pagpapaliwanag na may kinalaman sa kanilang mga isyu sa sekswalidad. Ito ay dahil ang mga ganitong paksa ay nakikita bilang mga taboo.
Ang Sekswal na Edukasyon at Ang Simbahang Katoliko
Maraming mga Pilipino ang miyembro ng Simabahang Katoliko, na siyang nagpapasubali ng mga ugnayang sekswal bago ang kasal. Gayunpaman, hindi napahinto ng pagsesermon at panghihikayat ng abstinence ay palagiang pagtaas ng antas ng maagang pagbubuntis.
Naitala rin ng Philippine Statistics Authority na sangkatlo (⅓) ng mga kabataang Pilipino ay nakapagtalik na bago ang kasal. Marami sa kanila ang hindi gumagamit ng proteksyon.
Karagdagan pa, malaking bahagdan ng populasyon ang namumuhay sa kahirapan. Malaking bahagdan ng mga taong ito ay ang mga kabataang magkakapareha na may mababang antas ng kaalaman ukol sa ligtas na pagtatalik.
Sex Education sa High School
May nosyon na ang sexual education ay hindi dapat gawing sapilitan sa mga paaralan. Sa kabila nito, ang mga binata’t dalaga ay masasangkot pa rin sa mga sekswal na gawi meron man o walang oryentasyon. Ito ay maaaring magdulot ng mga sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), hindi inaasahang pagbubuntis, at sa paglaon, ay mababang kalidad ng buhay.
Gaya ng kung paanong posible ang mga ito sa mga bansang gaya ng New Zealand, ang counseling para sa mga relasyong non-sexual ay dapat na magsimula sa mga maagang yugto ng pag-aaral. Ang sexuality education sa Pilipinas ay dapat na simulan sa Junior High School.
Epekto ng Sexuality Education sa Sekswal na Paggawi ng mga Kabataan
Napatunayan ng mga pag-aaral na ang sexual education ay nakatutulong para maiwasan ang maagang pagtatalik. Ang mga tinedyer ay nakakukuha pa rin naman ng impormasyon ukol sa pakikipagtalik, itinuturo man sa kanila ito o hindi. Maaari silang mahantad sa mga sekswal na kagamitan o kaalaman sa pamamagitan ng internet at ng kanilang mga kaibigan. Ang mga impormasyon na maaaring makuha sa mga sangguniang ito ay maaaring kulang o nakapagdududa, na nagbubunsod ng mga hindi gaanong napag-isipang pagpili.
Ang United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ay nakapag-ulat na ang makatotohanan, angkop sa kultura, angkop sa edad, gender-sensitive, at komprehensibong sexual education ay nakapag-aalis ng mapanganib na paggawi sa mga aktibong nagbibinata’t nagdadalaga at mga batang adulto. Kapag maayos na naihatid ang komprehensibong sekswal na edukasyon, napakikilos nito ang mga kabataan na gumawa ng napagplanuhang desisyon.
Maraming mga kabataan ang nakatatanggap ng mga nagbabanggaan at nakalilitong mga impormasyon na may kinalaman sa sekswalidad at mga ugnayan. Ang kakulangang ito ay nagbunga ng pangangailangan sa kaparaanan kung saan maaari silang makakuha ng mapagkakatiwalaang impormasyon.
Kahalagahan ng Makalidad na Sex Education
Salungat sa mga karaniwang miskonsepsyon, ang sekswal na edukasyon ay hindi nagpapataas ng mga sekswal na aktibidad sa loob o labas ng paaralan. Hindi rin ito nakapagbubunga ng mapanganib na paggawi o pagtaas ng kaso ng HIV o iba pang sexually transmitted infections. Sa halip, nakapagpapaunlad ito sa kaalaman ng mga kabataan kung saan ang kanilang sekswal at reproductive na kalusugan ay mahalaga. Sa kabilang banda, ang mga programang nanghihikayat ng abstinence bilang tanging opsyon ay hindi naging epektibo sa pagpapaliban ng mga sekswal na aktibidad ng mga kabataan. Hindi rin napawala ng mga ito ang dalas o dami ng mga sekswal na kapareha nila.
Tandaan
Ang pakikipagtalik ay isang normal na bahagi ng buhay. Sa karamihan ng mga tao, ito ay nangyayari sa panahon ng pagdadalaga at pagbibinata at ng pagiging batang adulto. Talamak sa Pilipinas ang hindi makalidad na impormasyon tungkol sa pagtatalik dahil sa panrelihiyon at kultural na mga salik.
Ang sex education sa high school sa Pilipinas ay naghahanda sa mga kabataan para sa kasiya-siyang gawain na ito na maaari ding magdulot ng mga seryosong epekto sa kanila. Ang pagpapasulong sa mga kabataan sa pagsasagawa ng mga ligtas na gawaing sekswal at pag-unawa sa mga epekto nito sa kanilang mga sekswal na pangangailangan ay nagdudulot sa kanila ng kagalingang sekswal.
Anyone in the world
On a frozen lake
Where we both skate
Your warm hand,I hold
While our fingers fold.
As we dance in ice
Man! I was surprised.
Under the sunlight
You dance with delight.
-Ziah
[ Modified: Friday, 23 February 2024, 3:55 PM ]
Anyone in the world
Ignore me all you want
I'm no fool, not like before
Trick me,well good luck
Ain't got a fall
Be on the right mind
Might accept it once and for all.
[ Modified: Thursday, 22 February 2024, 11:09 PM ]